Introduction
Competition is getting harder and becoming global. Companies now have to be more responsive, offer a better product and keep improving. Total quality management (TQM) increases customer satisfaction by boosting quality. It does this by motivating the workforce and improving the way the company operates. In an increasingly competitive market, firms with a continuous improvement culture and external focus are more likely to survive and prosper. TQM is considered an important catalyst in this context.
What is TQM?
TQM is an approach to improving the effectiveness and flexibilities of business as a whole. It is essentially a way of organising and involving the whole organisation, every department, every activity and every single person at every level. TQM ensures that the management adopts a strategic overview of the quality and focuses on prevention rather than inspection.
Objectives of TQM
o Meeting the customer’s requirements is the primary objective and the key to organisational survival and growth.
o The second objective of TQM is continuous improvement of quality. The management should stimulate the employees in becoming increasingly competent and creative.
o Third, TQM aims at developing the relationship of openness and trust among the employees at all levels in the organisation.
Significance of TQM
The importance of TQM lies in the fact that it encourages innovation, makes the organisation adaptable to change, motivates people for better quality, and integrates the business arising out of a common purpose and all these provide the organisation with a valuable and distinctive competitive edge.
Elements of TQM
The various elements of TQM are
o Be customer focused
It requires the company to check customers’ attitudes regularly and includes the idea of internal customers as well as external ones.
o Do it right the first time
This means avoiding rework, i.e., cutting the amount of defective work.
o Constantly improve
Continuous improvement allows the company gradually to get better.
o Quality is an attitude
Every one has to be committed to quality. That means changing the attitude of the entire workforce, and altering the way the company operates.
o Telling staff what is going on
This involves improved communication. Typically, it includes team briefing.
o Educate and train people
An unskilled workforce makes mistakes. Giving more skills to workers means they can do a wider range of jobs, and do them better. It also means educating staff in the principles of TQM, which is a whole new style of working.
o Measure the work.
Measurement allows the company to make decisions based on facts, not opinion. It helps to maintain standards and keep processes within the agreed tolerances.
o Top management must be involved
If senior management is not involved, the programme will fail.
o Make it a good place to work
Many companies are full of fear. Staffs are afraid of the sack, their boss and making mistakes. There is no point in running a TQM programme unless the company drives out fear.
o Introduce team work
Team work boosts employees’ morale. It reduces conflict and solves problem by hitting them with a wider range of skills. It pushes authority and responsibility downwards and provides better, more balanced solutions.
o Organise by process, not by function
This element of TQM seeks to reduce the barriers that exist between different departments, and concentrates on getting the product to the customer.
Reasons for failure
TQM fails because:
o Top management sees no reason for change.
o Top management is not concerned for its staff.
o Top management is not committed to the TQM programme.
o The company loses interest in the programme after six months.
o The workforce and the management do not agree on what needs to happen.
o Urgent problems intervene.
o TQM is imposed on the workforce, which does not inwardly accept it.
o No performance measure or targets are set, so progress cannot be measured.
o Processes are not analysed, systems are weak and procedures are not written down.
Conclusion
In today’s globally competitive market, the situation is to buy whichever is of good quality and low cost. The organisations have started with a rigour to have an edge over the global competition and in the process some have become successful. The quality movement, which drives every organisation towards the global market, seems to increase its competitive advantage for better market acceptance.
By: Dr. Gomathi Viswanathan
Posts Tagged ‘Internal Customers’
Total Quality Management
March 25th, 2010Management Skills – How to Deal With Attitude Problems
March 14th, 2010
Some managers think attitude problems in their employees cannot be measured and therefore there is nothing that can be done. Wrong! Once you have renamed those problems as professional behaviors, you can define them, measure them, include them in job descriptions and even fire people with them! You know the employees I mean. Some may be technically capable and may be performing the specific skills that are measured on the job.
They do the required amount of work; they make the required number of sales; they take the required number of calls.They may even be good with customers. But around the office or workplace they have attitude plus! They are the office nay-sayers, cynics and negativists. Or they complain about everything. They criticize every management initiative; they go to the union with every little issue. They are right out of Dilbert and they are driving you crazy. You are getting complaints from other employees who are affected and infected by their lousy attitude. Here are the steps to take to get a better handle on this issue and give yourself some solid definitions to work with.
Step One: Redefine the words attitude problem to professional behavior. It’s perfectly reasonable to expect and receive professional behavior from your employees. That includes their behavior with customers, vendors, other departments and within your own department with other employees. These are the internal customers.
Step Two: If at all possible get your HR Department to include the words professional behavior in every job description in your organization. It might read something like this: “Employees are required to demonstrate professional behavior in performing their job.” More later on that work demonstrate. A simple statement like this one in every job description gives managers and supervisors what they need to work with their employees.
Step Three: If at all possible get a section in every performance appraisal form that uses the term professional behavior. It can be a simple statement like, “Employee demonstrates professional behavior when dealing with internal staff and external customers and vendors.” I say do steps two and three if at all possible because if you work in government, non-profits, or very large organizations you may have difficulty getting this accomplished unless the HR department is open to it or it doesn’t clash with one of the myriad of rules, regulations, or laws that lawyers deal with. In that case you may want to skip these two steps and go right to number four.
Step Four: Call a meeting with your staff and allow the group to define what professional behavior is in your specific department or team, doing your specific work. One way to begin is to ask first how professional behavior looks with customers; then ask if those same things apply to the internal customers. Almost all of them do. But they may come up with additional things such as cooperating with other team members. (I prefer the term collaboration.There is an important difference!) Or coming back from breaks and lunch on time, or accepting responsibility for certain jobs or for errors when made. The real point is to let your people define what professional behavior looks and sounds like in your area. In measurement terminology these are the outputs or outcomes you want. Ensure that your team’s grumps are in on and active in this discussion. Refine and publish these guideline for professional behavior and allow staff members to amend or add to them. When complete, give everyone a copy. Now you have codified what professional behavior is in your department.
Step Five: The next time you observe staff members not following the guidelines, you have something concrete to use when having a discussion with the employee. The conversation can be simple and short. “Gerry, today I heard you telling Joan you were too busy to help her with the year end results. You sounded curt and annoyed to me. As you know we have agreed to pitch in and help Joan each year at this time. In addition we have a professional behavior guideline that says we are collaborative with our team and take responsibility for the team’s work. What can you do to make time to act professionally in this matter?” Or you may say, “John at the last three meetings you have said negative things about our progress on the Leads Project. Your continual negativity about this and other things puts a pall over the group. Other people clam up and we don’t get the enthusiasm we need to do a good job on the project. I would like you to act professionally on this matter as is stated in our professional behaviors guidelines. If you have concerns about the project please come directly to me in the future.”
By: Norma Smith Davis